Studies on the toxicological effects of Asulox-40 and Emisan-6 to eggs and early life history stages of Sarotherodon mossambicus

Toxicological effects of Asulox-40 and Emisan-6 to eggs and early life history stages of Sarotherodon mossambicus were reported. 80% of egg hatching occurred in the controls, 1 p.p.m and 5 p.p.m concentrations of Asulox-40. 10 p.p.m. and 50 p.p.m. concentrations of the same toxicants had 70% and 60% hatchings while in Emisan-6 in the same concentrations the hatching were 70% and! 40%. In 100 p.p.m. concentration of both toxicants 20% incomplete hatching occurred. In Emisan-6 Lc 50 and Lc 100 values were recorded at 32 hand 96h respectively in 10 p.p.m. concentrations. In Asulox-40 the same values were recorded in 24h and 40h respectively at 50 p.p.m. concentration. The fish activity during the experimental period showed initial hyper activity. It was established that the Emisan-6 is more harmful to S. mossambicus than Asulox-40. The harmless concentrations of these chemicals were 1.2 p.p.m. for Asulox-40 and 0.6 p.p.m. for Emisan-6

Enteropathogenic E. coli and other coliforms in marine fish

One hundred and twenty six samples of marine fish (96 from landing centre and 30 from retail market) and swabs from deck surfaces of 34 fishing boats were examined for coliforms including enteropathogenic E. Coli. Forty out of 96 fish samples from landing centre, 24 out of 30 from retail market and 11 out of 34 fishing boats revealed coliforms. On further tests, 5, 7 and 4 coliform isolates from the three groups respectively were found to be E. coli. Two of the E. coli. isolated, one from sciaenids and one from cat fish, were found to be enteropathogenic serotypes 055 and 0111. Enteropathogenic serotypes of E. coli are reported from sciaenids and cat fish for the first time in this country

Performance measurement of banks an application of economic value added & balanced scorecard

The new millennium has brought with it a sea phase change in the areas of economic activities with the banking sector gearing up for survival, productivity and enlarging the customer base. Performance of Financial institutions is a generally measured by applying quantitative techniques of financial measurement. It is a post-mortem examination technique of achievement of a bank. Differences in measured efficiency of banking institutions broadly arise on account of [I] different efficiency concepts used; [2] different measurement methods used to estimate efficiency; and [3] a host of other exogenous and endogenous factors. Nevertheless, to know about the existence of performance drivers in an institution, both quantitative and qualitative aspects of performance measurement are to be considered. CAMEL rating system, basically a quantitative technique, is widely used for measuring performance of banks. Concepts of Balanced Scorecard [BSC], which covers both quantitative and qualitative aspects of performance measurement, may be used to measure the long term prospect of performance was recommended. This paper also examines the extent of awareness and adaptability of Economic Value Added [EVAJConcept of the Indian Banks and suitable suggestions were drawn

Formulation, design, optimization and evaluation of cimetidine floating tablets by using 32 factorial design

The present study was aimed to formulate and evaluate floating tablets of Cimetidine which is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist in increasing usage in the medical management of peptic ulcer. In this study, excipients like HPMC K4M ,HPMC K100M were used as polymers and sodium bi- carbonate were incorporated in 9 different  concentrations (F1-F9) along  with other excipients.to formulate floating tablets. Then all the nine formulations were evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, thickness, friability test, floating lag time, drug content, dissolution studies and stability studies.The 32 Factorial design experiments helps the investigator in resource management and economy. The dissolution profile of F2 was observed to be better than other formulations. Trial-F2 formulation showed a good dissolution profile for a controlled period of time which was noticed to be as 98 % at the end of 12th hour. Thus, it can be concluded that the floating drug delivery system of cimetidne using the appropriate polymers in right amount may enhance the activity of the drug by prolonging the gastric residence time or reducing the floating lag time

Optimal design of stationary flat-plate solar collectors : deterministic and probabilistic approaches

Paper presented to the 3rd Southern African Solar Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 May, 2015.Because of the soaring energy prices, many countries have shown an increased interest in the utilization of solar energy. The optimization of the solar energy collector design plays a critical role in the efficient collection of solar energy. Flat-plate collectors can be designed in applications that require energy delivery at moderate temperatures (up to 100◦C above ambient temperature). These collectors use both beam and diffuse solar radiation, and do not need to track the sun. They are simple to manufacture and install with relatively low maintenance cost which make this kind of solar collectors more popular. The design of a flat-plate solar collector embraces many relationships among the collector parameters, field parameters and solar radiation data at any given location. The shading decreases the incident energy on collector plane of the field. The multi-objective optimum design of stationary flat-plate solar collectors is presented in this work. The clear day solar beam radiation and diffuse radiation at the location of the solar collector (Miami) are estimated. The maximization of the annual average incident solar energy, maximization of the lowest month incident solar energy and minimization of the cost are considered as objectives.. The game theory methodology is used for the solution of the three objective problems to find the best compromise solution. The sensitivity analysis with respect to the design variables and the solar constant are conducted to find the relative influence of the parameters on the design. The multi-objective optimum design of stationary flat-plate solar collectors under probabilistic uncertainty is also considered. The three objectives stated earlier are considered in the optimization problem. The solar constant, altitude, typical day of each month and most of the design variables have been treated as probabilistic variables following normal distribution. The game theory methodology is used for the solution of the three objective constrained optimization problems to find a balanced solution. A parametric study is conducted with respect to changes in the standard deviation of the mean values of design variables and probability of constraint satisfaction. This work represents a novel application of the multi-objective optimization strategy, including probabilistic approach, for the solution of the solar collector design problem. The present study is expected to help designers in creating optimized solar collectors based on any specified requirements.cf201

Determination of acute mercury toxicity to developing stages of Cyprinus carpio and Cirrhinus mrigala

Toxicity of inorganic mercury to different life history stages of fresh water fishes, Cyprinus carpio and Cirrhinus mrigala were demonstrated by static bioassays. 48 and 94% of egg hatching occurred in controls at 72 and 24h of experimentation in C. carpio and C. mrigala respectively. While fish eggs in water containing mercuric chloride showed delayed development as compared to the control. LC50, LC100 and safe concentrations of hatchling, fry and fingerling were calculated. Hatchling and fry were observed to be more susceptible as compared to fingerlings of C. carpio and C. mrigala

Quality of dry fish from markets in Andhra Pradesh

Dry fish samples were procured from different fish markets and subjected to biochemical and bacteriological evaluation for assessing quality. The quality of market samples was compared with the samples dried in laboratory and in the mechanical drier [sic]. Most of the market samples had high moisture and sand contents. TVN values of market samples were high showing poor quality of the finished product

Disparity of attitudes and practices on a concept of productivity of water in agriculture in the Great Ruaha River sub-basin

StakeholdersWater use efficiencyProductivityIrrigation programs

Intersection Graphs of k-uniform Linear Hypergraphs

A finite hypergraph H is said to be linear if every pair of distinct vértices of H is in at most one edge of H. A 2-uniform linear hypergraph is called a graph. The edge-degree of an edge of a graph G is the number of triangles in G containing the given edge. In this paper it is proved that there is a finite family F of graphs such that any graph G with minimum degree at least 69 is the intersection graph of a 3-uniform linear hypergraph if and only if G has no induced subgraph isomorphic to a member of F. Further, it is shown that there is a polynomial f(k) of degree less than or equal to 3 with the property that given any integer k(⩾ 2) there exists a finite family F(k) of graphs such that any graph G with minimum edge-degree at least f(k) is the intersection graph of a k-uniform linear hypergraph if and only if G has no induced subgraph isomorphic to a member of F(k)

PROCESSING OF SORGHUM FROM DIFFERENT VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS FOR SEMOLINA AND THEIR PRODUCTS

The present study was undertaken with the objective to standardise procedures for preparation of semolina (rava) from sorghum, to identify the best genotype for preparation of semolina and to study the nutritional quality parameters of semolina. For processing of sorghum, ten varieties and five hybrids were used for preparation of semolina and their products. A process has been standardized for semolina preparation using ultra grinding mill from sorghum grain. The semolina yield ranged from 46.51% to 54.29%. Hybrid CSH-15R gave the highest yield of semolina (54.29%). Starch content in semolina ranged from 59.93% to 66.43%. The new genotypes Phule Vasudha, Phule Yashoda and M 35-1 showed higher levels of starch content as compared to the other genotypes. The Phule Vasudha and Selection-3 showed higher levels of total soluble sugars in grains, as well as in semolina than the other genotypes. Phule Maulee gave higher level of crude fibre content (3.12%). The amino acid profile of sorghum grain and semolina showed very minor differences in the content due to the processing of sorghum grains into various products like semolina. The new genotypes of rabi sorghum showed comparable results for the mineral with that of hybrids. The organoleptic properties of the sweet (shira), upama and idali prepared from semolina were judged on the basis of colour, texture and appearance, flavour, taste and overall acceptability of the products using semi-trained judges and 1 to 9 hedonic scales. All products prepared from semolina were like very much and gave highest rating of more than 8 hedonic scales. While considering the yield of semolina from sorghum grains as well as their nutritional composition and organoleptic properties of the niche products (shira, upama, idali) prepared from them, the varieties Phule Vasudha and Phule Yashoda were the best one as compared to the other varieties and hybrids and overall varieties were better than the hybrids